substrate的意思是基质，底物。其中文翻译为“底物”、“基质”。读音为 /ˈsʌbstrāt/。
例句：
1. The bacteria can only survive on a specific substrate.
这种细菌只能在特定的底物上存活。
2. The substrate for this experiment was a nutrient-rich agar.
这个实验的基质是富含营养的琼脂。
3. The enzymes in the digestive system break down the substrate into smaller molecules.
消化系统中的酶将底物分解成较小的分子。
substrate在中文中有"酶解物、地层"的意思，还经常被翻译为基片，读音为['sʌbstreit]，substrate来源于英语，在《英语ABC实用语法词典》中，共找到49个与substrate相关的句子。
Substrate的释义
1.酶解物
例句:The solenoidal coil is partially embedded in a deep well etched into the chip substrate. (螺线管线圈被部分地嵌入一被蚀刻在芯片基板内的深井中。)
2.地层
例句:The fretting wear properties of the composite coating was investigated and compared with that of steel substrate. (考察了该复合镀层微动磨损性能，并与基体微动磨损性能进行了比较。)
3.基片
例句:The content of optimal substrate ginseng lixivium is 30%. (最适培养基为人参浸出物浓度是30%。)
4.底物、基片
例句:Adults of this species burrow deeply into the substrate where it is cooler and perhaps moister. (翻译:这个物种的成虫深入到底层中，那里更凉爽，也许也更湿润。)
用法及短语
substrate一般作为名词使用，如在in the substrate(在基质内)、disk substrate(磁碟基底)、enzyme substrate([医]酶作用物，酶底物)等常见短语中出现较多。
| in the substrate | 在基质内 |
| disk substrate | 磁碟基底 |
| enzyme substrate | [医]酶作用物，酶底物 |
| epitaxial substrate | 外延衬底;外延生长衬底 |
| epoxy substrate | 环氧基质 |
| fermentation substrate | 发酵基质 |
| ferrite substrate | 铁氧体基片 |
| flexible substrate | 可挠性基板 |
| fluorogenic substrate | [机] 萤光基质 |
例句
1. The content of optimal substrate ginseng lixivium is 30%. (翻译:最适培养基为人参浸出物浓度是30%。)
2. Adults of this species burrow deeply into the substrate where it is cooler and perhaps moister. (翻译:这个物种的成虫深入到底层中，那里更凉爽，也许也更湿润。)
3. Because it's heterogeneous, and that's the perfect substrate for evolution within the cancer. (翻译:是因为它的多样化， 这种多样化对于癌症进化来说，是一个很理想的环境。)
4. The preparation of ternary boride hard alloy cladding layer on steel substrate is studied. (翻译:研究采用铸渗法制备三元硼化物硬质合金覆层钢基材料。)
5. The key step was a substrate controlled asymmetric heteroatom conjugated addition. (翻译:关键反应为底物控制的不对称杂原子共轭加成反应。)
6. Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Structure and Magnetoresistance of Permalloy Films (翻译:基片温度对坡莫合金薄膜结构和磁电阻的影响)
7. NPA prints notes for another 17 countries that use the BOPP substrate. (翻译:澳大利亚印钞厂还为其它17个采用BOPP基材的国家印刷钞票。)
8. This allows donation of this group to an acceptor substrate in transmethylation reactions. (翻译:这使得该基团在转甲基反应中能贡献出一个甲基给另一个受体。)
9. The element employs a bifilar wound wire grid on an insulating substrate. (翻译:元件系用双股绕线网缠绕在一块绝缘基板上。)
10. Single Crystal, Substrate, Optico-Electronics, Film, Epitaxy. (翻译:单晶，衬底，光电子，薄膜，外延。)
11. Greenboard is an acceptable substrate. (翻译:绿板是一种可以接受的基板。)
12. One of the starting color pigments, and distinguished by color substrate, in contrast to a substrate to look on. (翻译:其中有色物质起显色作用，靠与承印物的颜色不同形成对比，在承印物上显出图像来。)
13. The effect of two parameters of size of ZnO nanostructures and substrate on field emission is studied. (翻译:研究了形貌尺寸大小和衬底这两个参数对场发射的影响。)
14. With the aid of in situ monitoring tool, we have investigated the effects of substrate nitridation. (翻译:以在位监测为辅助工具，研究了蓝宝石衬底氮化的影响。)
15. Molecular Docking of Bacillus Pumilus Xylanase and Xylan Substrate Using Computer Modeling (翻译:计算机模拟短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶与底物木聚糖的对接)
近义词&反义词
substrate作为名词的时候，其近义词以及反义词有s、substrates等。
我将根据我所知道的知识和能力来回答这个问题。
1. 词汇解释：substrate常常指的是化学反应中的底物，特别是在生物化学中，指一个酶所催化的反应中的特定基质。
2. 生物化学：substrate在生物化学中指酶所催化的反应中的特定基质，比如酶切位点的底物或药物的靶点基质等等。
例句：
- The substrate for the enzyme is glucose.
- The protein substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme.
3. 地质学：substrate在地质学中指的是岩石或土壤等表面上用于生长植物的物质。
例句：
- The plants in this area thrive on the rich substrate of volcanic ash.
- The substrate of the region is mainly sandstone.
4. 印刷技术：substrate在印刷技术中指的是印刷用纸张等载体材料。
例句：
- The printer is designed to handle a variety of substrates including paper, cardboard and plastics.
- The print quality is highly dependent on the properties of the substrate.
5. 电子学：substrate在电子学中指的是半导体芯片或集成电路上的基板。
例句：
- The substrate material for the microchips is usually silicon.
- A good quality substrate is essential for the reliability and longevity of the electronic device.
希望这些例句能够帮助你更好地理解substrate这个词的多重含义。
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